{
  "name": "Spanish Business-Transfer Index",
  "issue": 1,
  "issue_label": "Issue 1, August 2026",
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "revised": "2026-08-19",
  "what_is_counted": "Business-transfer advertisements on one Spanish classifieds marketplace. The unit is the advertisement, not the business and not a completed sale.",
  "not_counted": "Completed transactions, agreed prices, time to sale, and any business not advertised on that marketplace.",
  "country": "ES",
  "counted_on": [
    "2026-08-02",
    "2026-08-12",
    "2026-08-13"
  ],
  "sample_sizes": {
    "exposure_and_refresh": 344,
    "sellers_traced": 511,
    "distinct_sellers": 241,
    "read_line_by_line": 140,
    "price_and_floor_area": 243,
    "price_and_rent": 54
  },
  "limits": [
    "One marketplace. This is one Spanish classifieds platform, not the Spanish market. Portugal is not covered.",
    "Advertisements, not transactions. Asking prices are what sellers ask, not what anyone paid. Time on the market is exposure, not time to sale.",
    "Duplicates were not removed. Listings were counted, not premises; one property advertised by two intermediaries enters the count twice. The size of this distortion has not been measured.",
    "Abandoned listings were not separated from live ones, so the old end of the age range is overstated by an unknown amount.",
    "Exposure, refresh, disclosure and seller figures come from a single day (2 August 2026). Seasonality is not measured.",
    "Sectors come from the platform's own categories. Three trades (pharmacies, gyms, hotels and guesthouses) have no row because their priced samples are too small or their range too wide; they fall into 'everything else'.",
    "The food-shops row rests on 327 of the 746 listings that section claimed, about 44 per cent."
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "citation": "Provenance Diligence, Spanish Business-Transfer Index, Issue 1, August 2026 — https://provenancediligence.com/transfer-index.html",
  "citation_condition": "Any figure may be quoted in any language provided the sample size is quoted with it.",
  "publisher": "Provenance Diligence",
  "url": "https://provenancediligence.com/transfer-index.html",
  "csv": "https://provenancediligence.com/data/transfer-index-2026-08.csv",
  "measures": [
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "decile_10",
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "newest tenth up to this age"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 54,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 146,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 440,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "upper quarter starts here"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "decile_90",
      "value": 846,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "oldest tenth starts here"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "days_on_market",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "maximum",
      "value": 3918,
      "unit": "days",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "single oldest listing; abandoned listings were not separated from live ones"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "share_older_than_90_days",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 63,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "exposure",
      "metric": "share_older_than_365_days",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 28,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "refresh",
      "metric": "share_refreshed_today_or_yesterday",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 96,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 344,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "refresh date carried by the listing page"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_asking_price",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 90,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "listings read line by line"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_monthly_rent",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 41,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_floor_area",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 36,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_years_left_on_lease",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 14,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_revenue",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_profit",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 1,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "disclosure",
      "metric": "states_employee_count",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 0,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 140,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "0 of 140 listings"
    },
    {
      "block": "sellers",
      "metric": "distinct_sellers",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "count",
      "value": 241,
      "unit": "sellers",
      "sample_listings": 511,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "accounts behind 511 listings"
    },
    {
      "block": "sellers",
      "metric": "share_from_professional_accounts",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 81,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 511,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "sellers",
      "metric": "share_from_multi_listing_sellers",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 62,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 511,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "sellers",
      "metric": "share_held_by_top_10_sellers",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "share",
      "value": 43,
      "unit": "percent",
      "sample_listings": 511,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "sellers",
      "metric": "listings_of_largest_single_seller",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "count",
      "value": 105,
      "unit": "listings",
      "sample_listings": 511,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bars",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 35000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 64,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bars",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 60000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 64,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bars",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 116250,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 64,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "restaurants",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 69000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 153,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "restaurants",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 129000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 153,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "restaurants",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 195000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 153,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bakeries",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 31000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 97,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bakeries",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 63000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 97,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "bakeries",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 95000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 97,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "hair salons",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 15000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 99,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "hair salons",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 26500,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 99,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "hair salons",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 43000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 99,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "vehicle workshops",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 45000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 86,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "vehicle workshops",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 70000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 86,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "vehicle workshops",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 138750,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 86,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "clinics",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 77500,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 67,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "clinics",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 200000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 67,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "clinics",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 350000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 67,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "nurseries",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 25000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 31,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "nurseries",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 40000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 31,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "nurseries",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 77500,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 31,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "money-transfer shops",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 12500,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 26,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "money-transfer shops",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 25000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 26,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "money-transfer shops",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 35000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 26,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "tobacconists",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 160000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 157,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "tobacconists",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 225000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 157,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "tobacconists",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 325000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 157,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-12"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "dry cleaners and laundrettes",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 32500,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 33,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section holds two different trades"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "dry cleaners and laundrettes",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 40000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 33,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section holds two different trades"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "dry cleaners and laundrettes",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 75000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 33,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section holds two different trades"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "academies and training centres",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 15000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 45,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section rather than a single trade"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "academies and training centres",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 25000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 45,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section rather than a single trade"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "academies and training centres",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 60000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 45,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "portal section rather than a single trade"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "food shops and supermarkets",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 14675,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 164,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "327 of the 746 listings the section claimed were read; about 44 per cent"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "food shops and supermarkets",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 24950,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 164,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "327 of the 746 listings the section claimed were read; about 44 per cent"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "food shops and supermarkets",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 38873,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 164,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "327 of the 746 listings the section claimed were read; about 44 per cent"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "everything else",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 45000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 322,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "catch-all; pharmacies gyms hotels and guesthouses are measured here"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "everything else",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 80000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 322,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "catch-all; pharmacies gyms hotels and guesthouses are measured here"
    },
    {
      "block": "asking_price",
      "metric": "asking_price",
      "segment": "everything else",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 180000,
      "unit": "EUR",
      "sample_listings": 322,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "catch-all; pharmacies gyms hotels and guesthouses are measured here"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 333,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 243,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "listings stating both price and floor area"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 633,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 243,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 1223,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 243,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "bars and restaurants",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 286,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 21,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "bars and restaurants",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 400,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 21,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_per_sqm",
      "metric": "asking_price_per_sqm",
      "segment": "bars and restaurants",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 716,
      "unit": "EUR per sqm",
      "sample_listings": 21,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_in_rent_years",
      "metric": "asking_price_in_years_of_rent",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_25",
      "value": 3,
      "unit": "years of annual rent",
      "sample_listings": 54,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "listings stating both an asking price and the monthly rent"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_in_rent_years",
      "metric": "asking_price_in_years_of_rent",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "median",
      "value": 5,
      "unit": "years of annual rent",
      "sample_listings": 54,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02",
      "note": "tightest measure found; normalises for location because rent is the price of the location"
    },
    {
      "block": "price_in_rent_years",
      "metric": "asking_price_in_years_of_rent",
      "segment": "all sectors",
      "statistic": "quartile_75",
      "value": 8,
      "unit": "years of annual rent",
      "sample_listings": 54,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-02"
    },
    {
      "block": "no_row",
      "metric": "priced_listings_too_few_for_a_row",
      "segment": "pharmacies",
      "statistic": "count",
      "value": 13,
      "unit": "listings stating a price",
      "sample_listings": 157,
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "no row published; 13 of 157 pharmacy listings state a price at all"
    },
    {
      "block": "no_row",
      "metric": "priced_listings_too_few_for_a_row",
      "segment": "gyms",
      "statistic": "count",
      "value": 20,
      "unit": "listings stating a price",
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "no row published; too few priced listings"
    },
    {
      "block": "no_row",
      "metric": "asking_price_range_too_wide_for_a_row",
      "segment": "hotels and guesthouses",
      "counted_on": "2026-08-13",
      "note": "no row published; the portal keeps them in one section and asking prices run from four figures to nine"
    }
  ]
}